The Science of Footwear

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  • Figure 4.1
    Frank cavus and pes planus foot deformities, in both cases associated with systemic conditions (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and systemic joint hypermobility). After Redmond 2102 and reproduced with the kind permission of the Royal College of General Practitioners of England.
  • Figure 4.2
    Laboratory assessment of lower limb structure and function. The subject is wearing the marker set for evaluation using the Vicon Oxford multisegment foot model.
  • Figure 4.3         
    Measurement of navicular height (after Redmond, 2008). (Reproduced with permission of Churchill Livingstone)
  • Figure 4.4
    Valgus index calculation derived from an inked footprint (Burns 2005, reproduced with permission of the Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association)
  • Figure 4.5
    The cover of the FPI-6 Manual (Reproduced with permission  http://www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/FASTER/fpi.htm. All rights reserved).
  • Figure 4.6
    The setup used for capturing posture and function using electromagnetic motion tracking (note the sensors were covered tightly in conforming tape for the trials to minimize skin movement artifact).
  • Figure 4.7
    Scatterplot of FPI scores according to age showing the tendency toward a more pronated foot posture in children and older adults.
    (after Redmond (2008) and reproduced under the terms of the BiomedCentral Creative Commons Attribution License).
  • Figure 4.8
    Histograms of FPI scores for minors, adults and older adults. Dashed lines represent means.
    (after Redmond (2008) and reproduced under the terms of the BiomedCentral Creative Commons Attribution License).
  • Figure 4.9
    Boxplots of FPI scores according to presence of pathology. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals and horizontal lines represent medians.
    (after Redmond (2008) and reproduced under the terms of the BiomedCentral Creative Commons Attribution License).